HCI
I learned about human-computer interaction(HCI) this week.
This is key point that has implications for the aesthetic, ethics and evaluation of human- computer interaction, and people often interact with media technologies as though the technologies were people. HCI has questions related ethics, aesthetics & teleology, design. HCI has improved as tool. For example, there are memex, sketchpad, NLS, xerox alto, apple lisa, macintosh powerbook, www.
If we view objects, technologies and natural phenomenon as if they do, in fact, have goals and intentions, then we will design like an artificial intelligence resercher. On the other hand, if we view objects, technologies and natural phenomenon as if the just look like they have goals and intentions, then we will design like a tool builder for human users or operator of our tools.
2008년 4월 12일 토요일
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Alan Turing is founder of computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker. He suggested 'imitation game'. It is played with three people, a man, a woman, and an interrogator who may be of either sex. The interrogator determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. The man's object is that the interrogator make wrong answer, and the woman help the interrogator. If a michine takes the part of the man, what will happen? This question replaces that can machines think?
So, There is artificial intelligence that is the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence as if done by human. Artificial intelligence's areas are knowledge representation, programming languages, natural language understanding, speech understanding, vision, robotics, machine learning, and planning. Example of planning is GPS that reuired a full and accurate model of the "state of the world".
Alan Turing is founder of computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker. He suggested 'imitation game'. It is played with three people, a man, a woman, and an interrogator who may be of either sex. The interrogator determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. The man's object is that the interrogator make wrong answer, and the woman help the interrogator. If a michine takes the part of the man, what will happen? This question replaces that can machines think?
So, There is artificial intelligence that is the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence as if done by human. Artificial intelligence's areas are knowledge representation, programming languages, natural language understanding, speech understanding, vision, robotics, machine learning, and planning. Example of planning is GPS that reuired a full and accurate model of the "state of the world".
2008년 4월 5일 토요일
Social Networks
Social Networks
What is the networks? I think network is a relationship.For example, there are social, political, economic relationships and interdisciplinary. I am amazed that "you and me 6 degrees of separation". It means we are associated socia networks.
Social networks exist as science. It's important concept is interdisciplinary. Social networks as technology have email, newsgroups, and weblogs. The prsesnt day, art use network drawing.
What is the networks? I think network is a relationship.For example, there are social, political, economic relationships and interdisciplinary. I am amazed that "you and me 6 degrees of separation". It means we are associated socia networks.
Social networks exist as science. It's important concept is interdisciplinary. Social networks as technology have email, newsgroups, and weblogs. The prsesnt day, art use network drawing.
2008년 3월 28일 금요일
Tim berners-Lee's world-wide web
Tim berners-Lee is senior research scientist, laboratory for computer science, and director of the world-wide web consortium.
Then, what is the world-wide web(www)? It is a collaboratively authored hypertext. Although man makes homepage himself, this is collaborative, because of it's standard.
The standard that was created by him is uri. html(hypertext markup language) is derived from sgml that is intended to be a means to make explicit the content and structure of a document. http(hypertext transfer protocol) is an internet protocol designed for transferring information for hypertext docoments.
2008년 3월 22일 토요일
Augmenting human intellect
I think Engelbart's achievements after reading his "augmenting human intellect".
He made the thing that was unbelievable at that time.
Common computer's input, output was hollerith cards and paper printouts, and computer- human interaction was batch processing in 1960.
Because of Engelbart, however, computer was personal computer that had mouse, 2D screen, and used hypertext.
The user of computer was prefessional who had technical knowledge of computer, but Engelbart brought the spread of computer user.
In other words, people didn't need technical knowledge about using computer.
He made the thing that was unbelievable at that time.
Common computer's input, output was hollerith cards and paper printouts, and computer- human interaction was batch processing in 1960.
Because of Engelbart, however, computer was personal computer that had mouse, 2D screen, and used hypertext.
The user of computer was prefessional who had technical knowledge of computer, but Engelbart brought the spread of computer user.
In other words, people didn't need technical knowledge about using computer.
2008년 3월 14일 금요일
As We May Think
Communication between individuals has provided a record of ideas and has enabled man to manipulate and to make extracts from that record so that knowledge evolves and endures throughout the life of a race rather than that of an individual. A record if it is to be useful to science, must be continuously extended, it must be stored, and above all it must be consulted. It needs compression, and not only to make and store a record but also be able to consult it, and this aspect of the matter comes later. To make the record, we now push a pencil or tap a typewriter. Then comes the process of digestion and correction, followed by an intricate process of typesetting, printing, and distribution, but the elements are all present if he wishes to have his talk directly produce a typed record. For example, there is World Fair a machine called a Voder.
Much needs to occur, however, between the collection of data and observations, the extraction of parallel material from the existing record, and the final insertion of new material into the general body of the common record. The repetitive processes of thought are not confined however, to matters of arithmetic and statistics. In fact, every time one combines and records facts in accordance with established logical processes. If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world. Whenever logical processes of thought are employed there is an opportunity for the machine. A strange fact in that most logical field, probably positional, a new symbolism must apparently precede the reduction of mathematical transformations to machine processes. The human mind does not work that way. It operates by association. With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts.Items are not fully permanent, memory is transitory, but the speed of action is awe-inspiring beyond all else in nature. Man cannot hope fully to duplicate this mental process artificially, but he certainly ought to be able to learn from it. "Memex" will do this. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. There is, of course, provision for consultation of the record by the usual scheme of indexing. If the user wishes to consult a certain book, he taps its code on the keyboard, and the title page of the book promptly appears before him, projected onto one of his viewing positions. Science may implement the ways in which man produces, stores, and consults the record of the race. Presumably man's spirit should be elevated if he can better review his shady past and analyze more completely and objectively his present problems.
Much needs to occur, however, between the collection of data and observations, the extraction of parallel material from the existing record, and the final insertion of new material into the general body of the common record. The repetitive processes of thought are not confined however, to matters of arithmetic and statistics. In fact, every time one combines and records facts in accordance with established logical processes. If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world. Whenever logical processes of thought are employed there is an opportunity for the machine. A strange fact in that most logical field, probably positional, a new symbolism must apparently precede the reduction of mathematical transformations to machine processes. The human mind does not work that way. It operates by association. With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts.Items are not fully permanent, memory is transitory, but the speed of action is awe-inspiring beyond all else in nature. Man cannot hope fully to duplicate this mental process artificially, but he certainly ought to be able to learn from it. "Memex" will do this. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. There is, of course, provision for consultation of the record by the usual scheme of indexing. If the user wishes to consult a certain book, he taps its code on the keyboard, and the title page of the book promptly appears before him, projected onto one of his viewing positions. Science may implement the ways in which man produces, stores, and consults the record of the race. Presumably man's spirit should be elevated if he can better review his shady past and analyze more completely and objectively his present problems.
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